There鈥檚 a new tool in the fight to save the endangered right whale and it comes from the final frontier 鈥� space.
Thanks to a bold vision, dogged determination and some very tedious lab work, 麻豆传媒 PhD candidate and her team have a new industry partnership in place that will go where no one has gone before.
鈥淚 stumbled across a paper from the UK, where some scientists had started to look at whales from space. And I just thought, this is a coolest thing I've ever seen in my life. I wonder if we could do something like that in Canada,鈥� says Pisano, pictured below left.
She has wanted to 鈥榮ave the whales鈥� since she was a child. She even wrote a children鈥檚 book about it called 鈥楽ammy鈥檚 Wish鈥� when she was in high school, with a foreword by Jean-Michel Cousteau, son of ocean explorer Jacques Cousteau.
Her PhD supervisor, , is primary investigator on the module called Future-proofing Marine Protected Area Networks. Funded by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund, the project aims to help 鈥榗limate-proof鈥� Marine Protected Area networks and other spatial management tools, such as fisheries closures and critical habitat designations.
Pisano鈥檚 theory was a perfect fit.
鈥淲ith climate change, the distribution of species (particularly mobile species like the right whale) is changing so rapidly, that the traditional approach of going back year after year, say to the Bay of Fundy is just not working anymore,鈥� says Dr. Worm. 鈥淭hese whales are turning up in many new places recently. To an endangered species that's on the move, we need a different approach.鈥�
A new type of data
Right whales and other endangered species are currently monitored in many ways, including acoustics and observations from land, sea and air. Tagged animals can be monitored in real time, but that encompasses a small fraction of the population. While these measures are essential, more data is needed to understand the animals鈥� ever-changing movements due to climate change and other factors.
Pisano鈥檚 idea was to create an algorithm that would quickly scan real-time satellite images and pinpoint whale movements. Pisano and her team have looked over more than 40,000 images captured by aircraft belonging to the .
聽鈥淚 have been working with aerial imagery so far, which we will use in addition to satellite imagery for this project鈥� she says. 鈥淚 look at the image, zoom in and I just scroll through back and forth, just manually looking and checking for any signs of life. I have found whales, dolphins, sharks, turtles and Sunfish. It is incredible how much you can see in that imagery.鈥�
All the examples have been used to train a computer algorithm to run through thousands and thousands of images, automatically distinguishing the right whales from things like waves, sharks or even ships.
鈥淲e will be able to give our algorithm many thousands of examples of animals, so it will already know what to look for. So, it鈥檚 not starting from scratch, it鈥檒l already have a very good idea of what it鈥檚 looking for. We can make progress that much faster.鈥�
鈥淭hat's a labour of love that not just anyone could have done 鈥� weeks and weeks and weeks looking at these images and trying to find the little whale needles in a vast haystack of ocean,鈥� says Dr. Worm, pictured right.
And the work has paid off.
The team led by the . This is part of a $5.3-million investment in five companies to advance innovative solutions that could enhance Canada's ability to detect and monitor the presence of these whales in Canadian waters and predict their movements.
Solving real problems 鈥� together
During the call for proposals they met with several potential industry partners, all of whom wanted to join the project. In the end, the collaboration includes 麻豆传媒, , , and locally owned , or GSTS.
鈥淪pace observation is a more cost-effective way to be able to survey large areas, where it鈥檚 impossible to keep up with them in planes and boats. You don't have to worry about gas, personnel or the safety of the crew,鈥� says Pisano. 鈥淲e can actually task satellites to take pictures where we think we need to look for whales, or where nobody has looked before, or where there's potential conflicts with, say shipping or fishing. And then the idea is that that information is made available in real time.鈥�
The three-year contract will pay for access to satellite imagery and personnel to continue to advance the algorithms.
Richard Kolacz (shown left), CEO of GSTS, says the project blends the institute鈥檚 expertise and knowledge of marine mammal movements with the company鈥檚 technological capability to quickly develop operational systems to help save the whales and potentially other species down the road.
鈥淲e're focusing on solving real problems that exist in the world and this is clearly one of them. So, it's really taking the capabilities that we have in artificial intelligence, and big data analytics and processing, and matching it up with the capabilities of the institute to provide a solution to a problem,鈥� he says.
鈥淲e can use that capability to feed into our artificial intelligence algorithm to recognize whales. It's like developing an AI algorithm for facial recognition. We're looking to do the same with the whales. And it's really the domain expertise on the whales themselves that the institute has to help us in training our AI algorithm.鈥�
A perfect fit for OFI
For Dr. Worm, this collaboration is an example of what the Ocean Frontier Institute was designed to do 鈥� be a catalyst between meaningful ocean research and its real-life application in government, industry and community.
鈥淭his project concerns the sustainability of a species that has been depleted by human causes, almost to the point of extinction. A large problem like this really requires innovative, timely partnerships between scientists, government and industry,鈥� says Dr. Worm.
Pisano calls it serendipity.
鈥淲e really saw this as an opportunity to transform our initial vision into something tangible, something that can be used by decision makers, to make sure that we're keeping these whales safe, that we're finding out as much as we can about them, and that we're doing everything that we can to make sure that all whales survive. It feels like a destiny moment. You know, this is it. This is what we've been waiting for.鈥�